Basics of Applied Behaviour Analysis (A.B.A)

Srishti
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March 23, 2022

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) has been proven to be effective with autistic children as far back as 40 years. The behavioral model replaces maladaptive behaviors with more socially acceptable ones by using reinforcement techniques.

The core principles of ABA are based on operant conditioning and include social learning, functional analysis, and verbal behavior. Specifically for autistic children, there are over 130 specific applications in which it is used to alleviate the challenges posed by autism through the use of carefully designed exercises and mechanisms of positive reinforcement.

There is a common misconception that Applied Behavior Analysis pertains only to autism but this is not the case. It can help improve social skills, hygiene, function, communication -- even learning specific tasks; basically any skill that requires time and dedication in order to complete successfully.

In a number of contexts, including schools, homes, and clinics, ABA is beneficial for both children and adults with psychological disorders. It's also been proven that consistent ABA therapy can improve positive abilities and behaviours while reducing the need for future special assistance.

How does ABA work?

Good autism therapy programs are never cookie-cutter. Each treatment plan is carefully writing to meet the needs of each individual client.

A board certified behavior analyst (BCBA) specializes in planning and implementing behavior therapy programs. They make sure to customize therapy to each person's skills, needs, interests and preferences.

These professionals start by thoroughly assessing the patient’s behavioral repertoire as well as their family members’ preferences and input. Family members might even have a say in what the goals are for treatment - which are typically broken down into units of objectives with each unit building on previous ones.

Treatment goals are written based on the age and ability level of the person with ASD. Goals can include many different skill areas, such as:

Communication and language
Social skills
Self-care (such as showering and toileting)
Play and leisure
Motor skills
Learning and academic skills

ABA Techniques and Does it Work?

The instructor employs a number of ABA techniques. Some are led by the instructor, while others are led by the autistic person. Parents, family members, and caregivers are given training so that they can help their children learn and practise new skills throughout the day.

The person with autism will have many opportunities to learn and practice skills each day. This can happen in both planned and naturally occurring situations. For instance, someone who is trying to talk about something that happened may get the chance to practice this skill at home by asking their parents questions, or at school by sharing their thoughts during a class discussion.

ABA therapy is the most researched and evidence based method for teaching skills to children with autism. It has been proven to be effective by doctors, psychologists and independent commissions by showing a 4 out of 5 success rate.

ABA therapy focuses on using different ‘treatments’ such as ‘shaping’, ‘parallel play’ and using visual schedules so that certain behaviours can be encouraged or extinguished .

More than 20 studies have established that the inclusion of ABA principles during therapy is essential for improving outcomes for many but not all children with autism. Studies that include 25 to 40 hours a week of therapy for 1 to 3 years consistently show improvements in intellectual functioning, language development, daily living skills, and social functioning. Studies with adults using ABA principles also show similar benefits.

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Basics of Applied Behaviour Analysis (A.B.A)